All About Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person interacts socially, communicates, and behaves. It is called a “spectrum” because symptoms and abilities vary widely from one individual to another. ASD is typically diagnosed in early childhood, though some individuals are diagnosed later in life. Causes are complex, involving genetic factors (which account for most of the risk), as well as possible environmental and biological influences. 

A groundbreaking study published in Nature Genetics from July 2025 and reported by The Washington Post has identified four distinct autism subtypes, offering new insights into the complexity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Led by Princeton University and the Simons Foundation, the research analyzed genetic and behavioral data to better understand patterns within the spectrum. Here’s a summary of the four subtypes: 

1. Social and Behavioral Challenges 

This group represents about 37% of participants and is characterized by prominent social communication differences and repetitive behaviors, with developmental milestones like walking and first words generally on time. Individuals in this subtype often experience higher rates of ADHD, anxiety, depression, and OCD. 

2. Mixed ASD with Developmental Delay 

Comprising roughly 19% of the cohort, this subtype includes individuals with early motor or language delays. Social challenges and repetitive behaviors vary widely within the group. These individuals are more likely to carry inherited genetic variants rather than new (de novo) mutations and tend to have lower rates of anxiety or disruptive behaviors. 

3. Moderate Challenges 

About 34% of participants fall into this category, which features milder social and behavioral differences overall. Developmental milestones are typically on time, and psychiatric comorbidities are less common compared to other groups. 

4. Broadly Affected 

The smallest group, at 10%, faces more severe challenges across multiple domains, including social communication, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairment. This subtype also shows higher rates of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and mood disorders and is enriched for de novo genetic mutations. 

Why This Matters 

These findings underscore the diversity within the autism spectrum and highlight the importance of personalized approaches to support and intervention. Understanding these subtypes can help clinicians, educators, and families tailor strategies that meet individual needs. 

Last Friday was bittersweet for me and many others throughout the Elizabeth Lee Black School and the Barber National Institute. I say goodbye to Cindy Priester, Director of Children & Youth, as she retired from the organization after serving over 40 years. She wore many hats and took on many roles during her tenure, leading by example, inspiring others, championing meaningful change and fostering collaboration.  

I’d like to share some of Cindy’s thoughts on what she learned during her time at the Elizabeth Lee Black School.  

Every day is a fresh start – so don’t panic…frolic! 

Dream big, support each other, and never forget to smile.  

The simple joys – like dancing in the gym or reading to a student, are often the most magical.  

Imagination is everything. Be thankful, stay curious, and always listen. 

Learn something new, explore the unknown, and yes – try a new hairstyle just because! 

Be unique. Be different. Be open to new ideas. 

Celebrate the small steps, birthdays, and breakthroughs. 

Make something out of nothing. 

Sing the clean-up song and the days-of-the-week song like it’s your anthem.  

Be content with the chaos, eat on the run, and embrace the balance of working hard and playing harder.  

The Elizabeth Lee Black School has taught me that joy lives in the little things…  

…and that every moment is a chance to grow, laugh, and love what you do.  

I am deeply grateful for Cindy’s unwavering dedication and commitment. Throughout her remarkable career at the Barber National Institute, she has made a lasting impact on countless students, families, and the entire community. Even in retirement, Cindy’s passion endures—she will continue to volunteer in our school library, and her presence will always be cherished as an integral part of the Barber National Institute family! 

Engaging Work with Exceptional Students 

At the Elizabeth Lee Black School (ELBS), Mental Health Workers (MHWs) are part of a dynamic, collaborative team dedicated to supporting children with unique needs. This role offers a deep sense of accomplishment as you help some of the most vulnerable students succeed. 

The students in the ELBS Mental Health Program face a complex combination of intellectual disabilities and mental health challenges. These needs often make learning and engaging with their environment difficult. As an MHW, you play a vital role in helping students develop new skills, build independence, and experience a more meaningful school day. 

Creating Student Success 

MHWs engage students in therapeutic activities that foster social, coping, and academic skills. By promoting independence and tolerance of their environment, students can become active members of their classroom community. This position is essential to the mental health classroom and treatment team, working closely with psychiatrists, families, and behavioral staff to create strategies that drive student success. 

Collaborative Classroom Team 

Our mental health classrooms maintain a high staff-to-student ratio, ensuring strong support and teamwork. MHWs collaborate with teachers, classroom staff, and therapy professionals to deliver the best possible programming for students. This partnership creates a fulfilling workday where you witness students grow and thrive. 

Many of our MHWs say, “I just love my kids,” reflecting the pride and joy they feel in making a difference every day at the Barber National Institute. 

For more than sixty years, the Barber Christmas Ball has been one of Erie’s most beloved holiday traditions—a night where elegance meets purpose. This year’s theme, A Colorful Christmas, promises an evening filled with vibrant décor, lively music, and the warmth of community spirit. Courtney and Andrew Doyle, this year’s chair couple, are excited to carry on this tradition.  As longtime supporters of the Barber National Institute, Courtney and Andrew share a deep family commitment to Erie.   

On Saturday, December 13, 2025, the Bayfront Convention Center will transform into a festive wonderland. Guests will enjoy hors d’oeuvres, desserts, and two complimentary cocktails as they mingle and celebrate the season. Live entertainment by Stiletto Fire will keep the dance floor alive from 8:00 p.m. until midnight, ensuring the night sparkles with energy. Black tie attire is optional, and valet parking makes arriving in style effortless. 

But the Christmas Ball is more than a glamorous evening—it’s a celebration with impact. Proceeds benefit the Barber National Institute’s Strengthening Foundations: Home Renovation Campaign, a $1 million initiative to create safe, accessible homes for children and adults with intellectual disabilities and autism. Every ticket purchased and every sponsorship secured helps build brighter futures. 

The tradition doesn’t end when the music fades. The following day, the ballroom hosts the Adult Services Christmas Dance, giving individuals served by the Barber National Institute their own magical holiday experience. It’s a beautiful reminder that this event is rooted in inclusion and the opportunity for individuals to come together for a time of fun and cherished memories.  

We extend our heartfelt thanks to everyone who has supported the Barber Christmas Ball and to all our dedicated friends who stand with the Barber National Institute year-round. Your generosity and commitment make a meaningful difference in the lives of those we serve—thank you for being part of our community. 

One of the most exciting initiatives at the Elizabeth Lee Black School is its adaptive kitchen—a fully accessible culinary learning space designed to empower students of all abilities. What makes this kitchen truly unique? It’s equipped almost entirely with appliances from the Beautiful® by Drew line, created by Drew Barrymore.  

While these appliances were originally designed with ergonomic considerations for women, they also feature thoughtful adaptations that meet the diverse needs of our students. 

“Many of these appliances have a large, topple-free base, allowing students to pull on them without moving the appliance or risking injury. All touchpoints are highlighted in gold, guiding them to learn appliance safety,” explains Cindy Priester, Director of Children and Youth at Barber National Institute. “The appliances are easy to use with simple instructions that aid comprehension. Plus, the ergonomic handles fit comfortably in the student’s hand regardless of their fine motor skills.” 

More Than a Kitchen—A Gateway to Independence 

This forward-thinking space opened earlier this year thanks to funding from the Edith L. Trees Charitable Trust and proceeds from Barber National Institute’s 2024 Ladies Only Luncheon. Its purpose? To equip students with essential life skills like safe food handling, proper hygiene, and hands-on cooking techniques. 

“It’s not just a kitchen—it’s a gateway to independence, confidence, and community inclusion,” Cindy shares. “Imagine students learning to sort utensils, master basic appliances, and prepare nutritious meals—all while cultivating a lifelong curiosity and love of cooking.” 

The curriculum starts with foundational skills such as filling a cup of water, identifying kitchen items, and practicing hygiene. Over time, students progress to preparing simple meals. The results? Remarkable success stories—making this one of the school’s most impactful programs to date. 

Help Us Bring This Story to National Attention 

We believe this story deserves the spotlight—and you can help make that happen! Social media has the power to amplify voices and connect with people who care, including Drew Barrymore herself. 

Here’s how you can help: 

• Tag: @DrewBarrymore and @DrewBarrymoreShow 

• Use hashtags: #BeautifulImpact and #DrewBarrymoreShow 

• Share this story: Every like, comment, and share increases the chance that Drew and her team will see how much this initiative matters. 

Together, we can shine a national spotlight on the incredible students at Elizabeth Lee Black School and the “BEAUTIFUL” kitchen that’s transforming lives. 

We are in the countdown for the 2025 Ladies Only Luncheon…only 24 days to go! 

This event began 23 years ago when the mother of one of our students came to me and told me that she and her friends had led a fund raiser for her daughter’s school in Boston.  Could they do something similar for our school?  Of course, I immediately said “YES”, and the rest is history! We had 150 women our first year and by year 4, a sold-out crowd and for every year thereafter. For many of the women, it has become a Holiday tradition. 

Each year, we have designated a specific project.  Last year, it was to build an adaptive kitchen for our students. This year, the proceeds will benefit the Sensory Experience Development Project — a transformative effort to create inclusive, interactive spaces that stimulate and support the senses in safe, meaningful ways. We believe that every student deserves the opportunity to explore, engage, and thrive in an environment that nurtures his or her unique sensory needs. Whether it is a tactile garden for individuals with visual impairments, a swing designed for students who are wheelchair bound, or a multi-sensory, nature-based play zone, this project is designed to foster connection, creativity, and learning for all.   

We have a committed group of women who, as the Planning Committee, are essential to its success!  I would like to acknowledge these women, some of whom have been working on the event for 23 years. These incredible women are:

Pamela McCormick, Chair 

Jeanne Baker 

Judy Baker 

Bridget Barber 

Courtney Barber 

Lori Barber 

Maureen Barber-Carey 

Shanda Coleman 

Megan Hollern 

Cynthia Hood 

Shannon Latouf 

Beth Lewis 

Lesli Lindenberger 

Julie McCain 

Aimee Neubauer 

Kari Nygaard 

Stephanie Oligeri 

Jennifer Pontzer 

Rhonda Schember 

Colleen Stumpf 

Melanie Titzel 

Angela Wachter 

Maureen Wilson 

Be sure to visit the Ladies Only Luncheon event page at https://www.barberinstitute.org/events/ladies-only-luncheon for regular updates!

I am going to take a respite from our weekly blog to devote my energies to the Ladies Only Luncheon.  

See you again the week of November 24! 

 I am going to take a respite from our weekly blog to devote my energies to the Ladies Only Luncheon.    

See you again on November 24! 

It’s a true honor to serve on the PNC Grow Up Great Advisory Council, a group deeply committed to shaping the future of early childhood education. Last week, I had the privilege of attending the Fall 2025 Council Meeting, and I left inspired and informed. 

Since its founding in 2004, PNC Grow Up Great has been a transformative force in preparing children—from birth to age five—for success in both school and life. The initiative has invested: 

• $500 million in multi-year bilingual education programs 

• $270 million in grants to nonprofits advancing high-quality early childhood education 

Together, these efforts have supported over 10 million children nationwide. 

A key focus of our recent meeting was the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the lives of young children. While AI’s impact on the workforce and older students is widely discussed, its influence on early childhood development is just beginning to surface. 

Dr. Dana Suskind led a thought-provoking session on how AI devices may soon replace tablets and television as digital companions for children. With 75% of three-year-olds already using tablets, the implications are profound. During the first three years of life, a child’s brain grows to 80% of its adult size, making this a critical window for development. Rich, responsive conversations with caregivers are essential for language acquisition, emotional growth, and social engagement. 

Yet, interactive AI bots and toys are on the horizon. OpenAI’s recent partnership with Mattel aims to introduce age-appropriate AI toys to the market. Dr. Suskind cautioned, “We still don’t fully understand foundational brain development. Introducing young brains to responsive AI may alter them in fundamental ways we cannot yet anticipate.” 

AI is here to stay—but so is our responsibility to ensure it enhances, rather than hinders, the developmental journey of our youngest learners. As we move forward, we must continue asking the hard questions and seeking evidence-based answers to protect and empower the next generation. 

Since 2004, PNC Grow Up Great has empowered children from birth to age 5 to unlock their curiosity and passion for lifelong learning. Through supporting and delivering dynamic programs, hands-on experiences, and valuable resources, we’re not only expanding educational opportunities for young minds, but also laying a foundation for stronger communities and a brighter future for generations to come. 

It has been a privilege to serve on the PNC Grow Up Great Advisory Council for several years. This role allows me to collaborate with a diverse group of dedicated professionals in early childhood education, all committed to driving transformative change across the sector. Together, we work to advance policy initiatives, advocate for increased funding of essential programs, and promote financial literacy starting at an early age. These efforts are vital in ensuring that every child has access to the support and tools they need to achieve their fullest potential. 

Later this week, I will be traveling to Pittsburgh to a PNC Advisory Board Council meeting, and I look forward to sharing what I learned with you during next week’s blog.  

Every October, we come together to celebrate Down Syndrome Awareness Month, a time to honor the voices, achievements, and rights of individuals with Down syndrome. While World Down Syndrome Day is officially observed on March 21, this month-long celebration is a powerful opportunity to raise awareness, promote inclusion, and advocate for equity. 

What is Down Syndrome? 

Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21—hence the name Trisomy 21. While most people have two copies of each chromosome, individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21. In some cases, this extra genetic material may appear as a translocation (attached to another chromosome) or exist in only some cells (mosaicism). 

2025 Themes: Empowering Identity and Equity 

This year’s campaign centers around four powerful themes: 

“I Am” – Celebrating Identity and Voice 

This theme invites individuals with Down syndrome to share affirmations that reflect their unique identities—“I am strong,” “I am a dancer,” “I am a leader.” It’s a celebration of self-expression and a reminder that Down syndrome does not define a person. Join the movement by sharing your story using hashtags like #IAM and #DownSyndromeAwarenessMonth. 

Health Equity 

Down Syndrome International is spotlighting the urgent need for inclusive healthcare. People with Down syndrome often face disparities in life expectancy and access to treatment. This campaign calls for systemic change to ensure everyone receives quality care—regardless of diagnosis. 

Strengthening Support Systems 

From education to employment, individuals with Down syndrome deserve robust support systems. This theme urges governments, schools, and communities to invest in inclusive programs that empower lifelong success. 

Advocacy and Education 

Organizations like https://gigisplayhouse.org/ and https://www.jacksbasket.org/ are leading the charge in educating the public, challenging stereotypes, and fostering inclusive environments. Learn more, get involved, and share their resources to help spread awareness. 

Ways to Celebrate and Participate 

• Wear Blue and Yellow: These are the official colors of Down syndrome awareness. 

• Rock Your Socks: Mismatched socks symbolize the uniqueness of chromosome pairs. 

• Support a Down Syndrome Organization: Donate, volunteer, or amplify their message. 

• Educate Yourself and Others: Host a lunch-and-learn, share facts, or start a conversation. 

• Celebrate Achievements: Highlight the talents and accomplishments of individuals with Down syndrome. 

Media That Inspires Understanding 

Explore books and films that respectfully represent the Down syndrome community: 

• Books: Count Us In by Jason Kingsley & Mitchell Levitz, The Lucky Few by Heather Avis 

• Films: The Peanut Butter Falcon, Intelligent Lives 

Share these with friends and family to encourage deeper understanding and acceptance. 

Advocate for Inclusion 

• Promote Inclusive Language: Use person-first language and speak out against stereotypes. 

• Champion Inclusion: In schools, workplaces, and communities—everyone deserves to belong. 

Let’s Build a More Inclusive World 

Down Syndrome Awareness Month is more than a celebration—it’s a call to action. By participating, educating, and advocating, we help create a world where everyone is valued and included. 

Let’s celebrate the beauty of diversity and the strength of community—this month and every month. 

One of my greatest sources of pride is being able to share the many success stories of students who get their start at the Elizabeth Lee Black School. We offer many programs that help young learners grow and thrive, and we understand that no two children are alike. 

Recently, Daniel Gillespie, a former student diagnosed with autism, reached out to share his achievements. Despite facing challenges alongside his brother David, who also has autism, both remained determined and overcame obstacles to lead fulfilling lives.

Daniel began receiving services from the Barber National Institute from an early age. Over time, he developed a wide range of skills, including strong time management skills, communication skills, and critical thinking skills. As he got older and graduated from high school, he worked with the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation to explore career paths and find jobs that utilized his diverse skillset. He worked at various jobs, including those in retail, health and fitness, and housekeeping. He wasn’t afraid to experience a variety of different work settings even though at times he may have felt overwhelmed. He ultimately determined that he wanted to pursue a college education.   

He graduated from Mercyhurst in May 2024 with a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice. It was his determination and openness that led him to become a courtroom tipstaff where he assists judges, reinforces courtroom order, and maintains case files. He said it’s a great way for him to apply what he’s learned. He shared that he enjoyed being part of the Barber National Institute growing up, and I can say wholeheartedly that it is a pleasure having an opportunity to see him grow and thrive.  

Daniel’s professional journey reflects a path of growth, resilience, and self-discovery shaped by his experiences with autism. Daniel and his brother David have launched a blog,  the Brown Side of Autism, where they share their personal perspectives and experiences as people with autism in the Black and Brown community. Through his work, he is creating greater awareness of the challenges – and strengths – of people with autism and all they can accomplish. I’m so proud of Daniel’s journey and know that he will continue to do great things on a professional and personal level.  

You can visit Daniel’s blog, Brown Side of Autism, at brownsideofautism.blogspot.com.